Revolusi Kesehatan Digital: Peran AI dan Pembelajaran Mesin dalam Diagnosa Perawatan
Keywords:
Kecerdasan Buatan, Pembelajaran Mesin, Diagnostik Medis, Data Kesehatan, Perawatan yang DipersonalisasiAbstract
Pemanfaatan Kecerdasan Buatan (Artificial Intelligence/AI) dan Pembelajaran Mesin (Machine Learning/ML) semakin berkembang dalam sistem kesehatan modern, khususnya dalam meningkatkan akurasi diagnosis, perencanaan perawatan, dan pengelolaan data medis. Kajian tinjauan naratif ini bertujuan untuk merangkum bukti ilmiah terkini mengenai penerapan AI dan ML dalam diagnosis medis dan layanan perawatan. Pencarian literatur dilakukan melalui database ScienceDirect, IEEE Xplore, dan SpringerLink, dengan fokus pada studi yang membahas diagnostik berbasis AI, pemodelan prediktif, serta sistem pendukung keputusan klinis. Sebanyak 15 artikel relevan yang terbit pada rentang tahun 2015 hingga 2024 disertakan berdasarkan kesesuaian topik dan kualitas metodologis. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa AI dan ML memberikan manfaat besar dalam diagnosis berbasis citra, interpretasi data genomik, manajemen penyakit kronis, serta prediksi risiko klinis. Beberapa studi bahkan melaporkan tingkat akurasi diagnosis yang menyamai atau melampaui tenaga medis manusia. Namun, tantangan tetap muncul, termasuk bias algoritma, isu privasi data, serta keterbatasan infrastruktur kesehatan terutama di negara berkembang. Kajian ini menyimpulkan bahwa integrasi AI dalam layanan kesehatan membutuhkan kolaborasi erat antara tenaga medis dan pengembang teknologi, disertai pengawasan etis dan regulasi yang kuat. Dengan implementasi yang bertanggung jawab, AI dan ML berpotensi besar mendorong peningkatan presisi diagnosis, optimalisasi jalur perawatan, serta penguatan ekosistem kesehatan digital di masa depan.
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