Publication Ethics

This journal is committed to maintaining the highest standards of publication ethics and follows best practices in scholarly publishing. All parties involved in the publication process, including authors, editors, reviewers, and the publisher, are required to adhere to ethical principles in order to ensure the integrity, transparency, and credibility of the scholarly record.

This publication ethics statement is developed in accordance with the principles of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) and the best practice guidelines recommended by the Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ).

Open Access and Transparency

This journal provides immediate open access to its content based on the principle that free availability of research supports a greater global exchange of knowledge. There are no hidden charges related to manuscript submission, peer review, or publication, except those explicitly stated in the journal’s author guidelines.

All editorial decisions are made independently and are not influenced by commercial, institutional, or financial interests.

Duties and Responsibilities of Authors

Authors submitting manuscripts to this journal must ensure that their work is original, accurate, and has not been published or submitted for publication elsewhere.

Authors are required to:

  • Submit original research and properly cite all sources used.

  • Avoid plagiarism, data fabrication, data falsification, and redundant publication.

  • Ensure that all listed authors have made substantial contributions to the research.

  • Clearly disclose any potential conflicts of interest.

  • Confirm that research involving human participants or animals complies with recognized ethical standards and has received appropriate ethical approval.

  • Notify the editor promptly if a significant error is discovered after publication and cooperate in issuing a correction or retraction.

Duties and Responsibilities of Editors

Editors are responsible for maintaining the quality, integrity, and academic value of the journal.

Editors must:

  • Evaluate manuscripts solely on academic merit, originality, clarity, and relevance to the journal’s scope.

  • Ensure a fair, unbiased, and confidential peer review process.

  • Protect the confidentiality of authors and reviewers.

  • Declare and manage any conflicts of interest.

  • Take appropriate action when ethical concerns arise, including issuing corrections, retractions, or expressions of concern when necessary.

Duties and Responsibilities of Reviewers

Reviewers play an essential role in supporting editorial decisions and improving manuscript quality.

Reviewers are expected to:

  • Conduct reviews objectively, respectfully, and within the agreed timeframe.

  • Treat all manuscripts as confidential documents.

  • Identify relevant published work that has not been cited by the authors.

  • Declare any conflicts of interest and withdraw from the review if necessary.

  • Report suspected ethical misconduct, including plagiarism or unethical research practices.

Publisher Responsibilities

The publisher is committed to ensuring that editorial independence is respected at all stages of the publication process. The publisher supports editors in addressing ethical issues and ensures the long-term preservation and accessibility of published content.

Handling Allegations of Misconduct

Any allegation of publication misconduct is taken seriously and investigated in accordance with COPE guidelines. If misconduct is confirmed, appropriate actions may include manuscript rejection, correction, retraction, or notification to the relevant institutions.

Post-Publication Discussion and Corrections

The journal encourages scholarly discussion after publication. Corrections, clarifications, or retractions will be issued when necessary to maintain the accuracy and integrity of the scholarly record.